Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781133103721
Author: Stephen T. Thornton, Andrew Rex
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 54P
To determine
The time sodium streetlamps would take to become invisible from spaceship.
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Students have asked these similar questions
While passing between Earth and the Moon, a spacecraft is momentarily located on the line connecting the centers of the two bodies and is at a distance of d = 101 km from a radio antenna on the surface of Earth. The distance from the antenna to the moon is denoted by dm.
Part (a) Recall that the speed of light is 3.0 × 108 m/s. How long, in seconds, does it take for a signal from the spacecraft to arrive at the antenna on Earth?
Part (b) Scientists on Earth send a command to the spacecraft, which immediately sends back a receipt confirmation signal. How long, in seconds, after the scientists send the command does it take before they learn it was received?
Part (c) Scientists bounce a laser beam off the Moon and measure the two-way travel time to be 2.42 s. How far away is the Moon in meters?
You are on an interstellar mission from the Earth to the 8.7 light-years distant star Sirius. Your spaceship can travel with 70% the speed of light and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 m at the front surface and a length of 25 m. You have to cross the interstellar medium with anthe approximated density of 1 hydrogen atom/m3Because you are moving at an enormous speed, your mission from the previous part will be influenced by the effects of time dilation described by special relativity: Your spaceshiplaunches in June 2020 and returns back to Earth directly after arriving at Sirius.(a) How many years will have passed from your perspective?(b) At which Earth date (year and month) will you arrive back to Earth?
The Global Positioning System (GPS) relies on
very accurate atomic clocks aboard a network of
24 satellites, each of which orbits the Earth in 12 hours.
To provide a resolution better than 1 meter on Earth, the
clocks must not gain or lose more than 3 ns in 12 hours.
That is, the clocks must be accurate to
3 x 10-⁹ s/(12 hr) = 7 × 10-14
The satellites move at a speed v = 3.9 km/s in circular
orbits. Is it necessary for GPS receivers on Earth to
account for special relativistic effects?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 2 - Michelson used the motion of the Earth around the...Ch. 2 - If you wanted to set out today to find the effects...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3QCh. 2 - Prob. 4QCh. 2 - Prob. 5QCh. 2 - Prob. 6QCh. 2 - Prob. 7QCh. 2 - Prob. 8QCh. 2 - Devise a system for you and three colleagues, at...Ch. 2 - In the experiment to verify time dilation by...
Ch. 2 - Can you think of an experiment to verify length...Ch. 2 - Would it be easier to perform the muon decay...Ch. 2 - On a spacetime diagram, can events above t = 0 but...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14QCh. 2 - What would be a suitable name for events connected...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16QCh. 2 - Prob. 17QCh. 2 - Explain how in the twin paradox, we might arrange...Ch. 2 - In each of the following pairs, which is the more...Ch. 2 - Prob. 20QCh. 2 - Prob. 21QCh. 2 - A salesman driving a very fast car was arrested...Ch. 2 - A salesman driving a very fast car was arrested...Ch. 2 - Show that the form of Newtons second law is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2PCh. 2 - Prob. 3PCh. 2 - A swimmer wants to swim straight across a river...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5PCh. 2 - Prob. 6PCh. 2 - Prob. 7PCh. 2 - Prob. 8PCh. 2 - Prove that the constancy of the speed of light...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10PCh. 2 - Prob. 11PCh. 2 - Prob. 12PCh. 2 - Two events occur in an inertial system K as...Ch. 2 - Is there a frame K in which the two events...Ch. 2 - Prob. 15PCh. 2 - An event occurs in system K at x = 2 m, y = 3.5 m,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17PCh. 2 - Prob. 18PCh. 2 - A rocket ship carrying passengers blasts off to go...Ch. 2 - Prob. 20PCh. 2 - Particle physicists use particle track detectors...Ch. 2 - The Apollo astronauts returned from the moon under...Ch. 2 - A clock in a spaceship is observed to run at a...Ch. 2 - A spaceship of length 40 m at rest is observed to...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25PCh. 2 - A mechanism on Earth used to shoot down...Ch. 2 - Prob. 27PCh. 2 - Imagine that in another universe the speed of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29PCh. 2 - Prob. 30PCh. 2 - Prob. 31PCh. 2 - A proton and an antiproton are moving toward each...Ch. 2 - Imagine the speed of light in another universe to...Ch. 2 - Prob. 34PCh. 2 - Three galaxies are aligned along an axis in the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 36PCh. 2 - Prob. 37PCh. 2 - Consider a reference system placed at the U.S....Ch. 2 - Prob. 39PCh. 2 - Prob. 40PCh. 2 - Use the Lorentz transformation to prove that s2 =...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - Prove that for a spacelike interval, two events...Ch. 2 - Given two events, (x1, t1) and (x2, t2), use a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 45PCh. 2 - Consider a fixed and a moving system with their...Ch. 2 - Prob. 47PCh. 2 - An astronaut is said to have tried to get out of a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 49PCh. 2 - Do the complete derivation for Equation (2.33)...Ch. 2 - A spacecraft traveling out of the solar system at...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52PCh. 2 - Prob. 53PCh. 2 - Prob. 54PCh. 2 - Newtons second law is given by F=dp/dt. If the...Ch. 2 - Use the result of the previous problem to show...Ch. 2 - Prob. 57PCh. 2 - Prob. 58PCh. 2 - A particle having a speed of 0.92c has a momentum...Ch. 2 - A particle initially has a speed of 0.5c. At what...Ch. 2 - Prob. 61PCh. 2 - Prob. 62PCh. 2 - Prob. 63PCh. 2 - Prob. 64PCh. 2 - Prob. 65PCh. 2 - Prob. 66PCh. 2 - Prob. 67PCh. 2 - Prob. 68PCh. 2 - Prob. 69PCh. 2 - Prob. 70PCh. 2 - What is the speed of an electron when its kinetic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72PCh. 2 - Prob. 73PCh. 2 - Prob. 74PCh. 2 - Prob. 75PCh. 2 - Calculate the energy needed to accelerate a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 77PCh. 2 - Prob. 78PCh. 2 - Prob. 79PCh. 2 - Prob. 80PCh. 2 - The Large Hadron Collider at Europes CERN facility...Ch. 2 - What is the kinetic energy of (a) an electron...Ch. 2 - A muon has a mass of 106 MeV/c2. Calculate the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 84PCh. 2 - The reaction 2H + 3H → n + 4He is one of the...Ch. 2 - Instead of one positive charge outside a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 87PCh. 2 - Show that the following form of Newton’s second...Ch. 2 - Prob. 89PCh. 2 - For the twins Frank and Mary described in Section...Ch. 2 - Frank and Mary are twins. Mary jumps on a...Ch. 2 - A police radar gun operates at a frequency of 10.5...Ch. 2 - Prob. 93PCh. 2 - Prob. 94PCh. 2 - A proton moves with a speed of 0.90c. Find the...Ch. 2 - A high-speed K0 meson is traveling at a speed of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 97PCh. 2 - The International Space Federation constructs a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 99PCh. 2 - Prob. 100PCh. 2 - A spaceship is coming directly toward you while...Ch. 2 - Quasars are among the most distant objects in the...Ch. 2 - One possible decay mode of the neutral kaon is K0...Ch. 2 - Prob. 104PCh. 2 - Prob. 105PCh. 2 - Small differences in the wavelengths in the sun’s...
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- In 2019, SCUBA divers from Mexico explores the Atlantic Ocean (64lb/f) and finds a circular clock thoughtto be theancient remnants of the legendary Atlntis. If the clock measures 1.3 ft. in diameter and depth is measured to be 1250 ft. from the surface to the center of this clock, what force is experienced by the object? C. 16900 b: D. 106185.8317 lb: A. 251327.4123 lb: B. 53092.9159 lb;arrow_forwardConsider a pulse of laser light aimed at the moon that bounces back to Earth. The distance between Earth and the moon is 3.8x108m. What is the round trip time for the light travel? (ans. 0.395s) The nearest Star beyond the sun is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.2x1016m away. If we were to recieve a radio message from this star today, how long ago(in years) was it sent? (ans. 4.44 years) Show workarrow_forwardGalaxies are moving apart due to the expansion of the universe. Suppose another galaxy-approximated as a sphere-is moving away from us at 3.00 x 106 m/s. How will an Earth-bound observer with access to extremely high resolution equipment perceive the other galaxy's shape? It will appear as a sphere to the Earth-bound observer with its dimensions unchanged. a It will appear as a sphere to the Earth-bound observer, with all dimensions stretched b proportionally to the relativistic factor. It will be stretched in the direction of travel away from Earth proportionally to the relativistic factor. It will be compressed in the direction of travel away from Earth proportionally to the d relativistic factor.arrow_forward
- The distnace from earth to the moon is 239,000 miles. a. how many kilometers are in 239000 miles? b. given that the light travels at 3.00*10^8 m/s , how many minutes does it take for light to travel to the moon ? c. The apollo 10 mission holds the record for the highest speed by a manned vehicle at 11080 m/s . How many minutes would it take for the apollo 10 mission to reach the moon assuming the rocket travels ina straight line at that top speed? d. The apollo 11 mission took 73.45 hours to reach lunar orbit once it left earths orbit. The avergae speed duirng that time was 5500km/hr. How many miles did the apollo 11 mission actually travel in space ?arrow_forwardA train is moving at a speed of v towards the railwayman next to the rails. The train whistles for a time of T. How long does the railwayman hear the whistle? The speed of sound is c= 330 m/s; v=108 km/hour= 3) m/s, T= 3s; the train does not reach the railwayman until the end of the whistle. %3Darrow_forwardA person on earth communicating via radio transmission with an astronaut on the moon asks a question. At the time of transmission, the moon is 3.843.84 × 10105 km from the earth, and the speed of radio waves is 3.003.00 × 10108 m/s. How long must the person on earth wait for a response if the astronaut answers 5.005.00 s after the message is received?arrow_forward
- (a) The distance to a star is approximately 4.97 × 10¹8 m. If this star were to burn out today, in how many years would we see it disappear? years (b) How long does it take sunlight to reach Earth? minutes (c) How long does it take for a microwave radar signal to travel from Earth to the Moon and back? (The distance from Earth to the Moon is 3.84 x 105 km.) Sarrow_forwardA distant galaxy emits light that has a wavelength of 655.6 nm. On earth, the wavelength of this light is measured to be 661.9 nm. (a) Decide whether this galaxy is approaching or receding from the earth. (b) Find the speed of the galaxy relative to the earth. (Give your answer to 4 significant digits. Use 2.998 × 108 m/s as the speed of light.)arrow_forwardHigh-Energy Cancer Treatment. Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahighenergy (in the range of 1012 W) pulses of light that last for an extremely short time (a few nanoseconds). These short pulses scramble the interior of a cell without causing it to explode, as long pulses would do. We can model a typical such cell as a disk 5.0 um in diameter, with the pulse lasting for 4.0 ns with an average power of 2.0 * 1012 W. We shall assume that the energy is spread uniformly over the faces of 100 cells for each pulse. (a) How much energy is given to the cell during this pulse? (b) What is the intensity (in W/m2) delivered to the cell? (c) What are the maximum values of the electric and magnetic fields in the pulse?arrow_forward
- You shine a beam of blue light with frequency 1/(450 [nm]) on a mirror that is moving with constant speed with respect to you. If you see the reflected light beam as orange with frequency 1/(600 [nm]), what is the velocity of the mirror? and what is the direction of motion of the mirror relative to light source?arrow_forwardYour answer is partially correct. A distant galaxy emits light that has a wavelength of 634.5 nm. On earth, the wavelength of this light is measured to be 639.0 nm. (a) Decide whether this galaxy is approaching or receding from the earth. (b) Find the speed of the galaxy relative to the earth. (Give your answer to 4 significant digits. Use 2.998 x 108 m/s as the speed of light.) (a) The galaxy is (b) Number receding 2126000 from the earth. Units m/sarrow_forwardA spacecraft emits a radio signal with a frequency of fs = 3.05 GHz as it speeds away from Earth at a speed of u = 7.51 × 107 m/s. What frequency (fo) is received on Earth? Your answer should be in GHz.arrow_forward
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