BIOLOGY -TEXT
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781260710878
Author: Mader
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 19.3, Problem 1CYP
Interpret the ancestral or derived state of traits relative to their position on the phylogeny in Figure 19.5.
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Construct a phylogeny in the form of a simple cladogram with the ten candies shown on slide A. The tree must include synapomorphies.
Once your tree is compete, make another one incorporating the new “taxa” on slide B.b
Write the following phylogeny in Newick format.
Construct a phylogenetic tree with the species and label the traits according to their number (ex. T1, T2, etc.)
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- Define the following terms: phylogeny phenetics cladistics phylogenetic tree clade cladogram phenogram phylogenetic divergencearrow_forwardUsing the table, annotate the phylogenetic tree on the next page, indicating where each character from the table arose. Red and blue dots indicate the same trait arose in multiple lineages.arrow_forwardExplain what a phylogeny tree and what the nodes on it represent and why it is useful to biologists.arrow_forward
- Create a cladogram based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Comparative Morphology Data. Using your text and prior knowledge, determine the morphological characteristics of the organisms in table. For every characteristic the organism possesses, put a check in that box. Limbs Has Organism Multicellular Segmented Body Jaws Hair (not fins) Bone Amoeba Sponge Earthworm Shark Lizard Kangaroo Dolphin Cat Molecular Evidence. Cytochrome c is a protein located in the mitochondria of cells involved with cellular respiration. Compare each organism's Cytochrome CDNA sequences with the ancestor cell and each other. Circle or highlight the differences (mutations) present in the cytochrome CDNA sequences from ancestor cell. ANCESTOR CE AT TAGC GACCAGTATATCC TACAATC c GT CTACTTCATT0 A TTAGCG A C C A GT T T ATC C TA CA ATC CCGTCTACTTCAT 11 A GTT TATC CTAC ATT C C C GTATACTTC GT 13 CGTTTA TC CTACATT CC C GTCTACTTCG T 15 C G TITATC C TA CTIT C C CGTCTACTTCGT 18 CG TTTATC CTACTITC C C GT CTA…arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: cladistics phylogenetic tree clade cladogram phenogram phylogenetic divergence synapomorphyarrow_forwardDraw a cladogram showing the evolutionary relatedness of the four organisms below. At the bottom of the page are distantly related species.arrow_forward
- On the cladogram, circle the node that represents the most recent common ancestor of DINOSAURS and BIRDS.arrow_forwardWhen reconstructing phylogenies, is it more useful to compare orthologous or paralogous genes? Explain.arrow_forwardNotice the little numbers next to every internal node in the phylogenies. These are bootstrap values. Use the entirety of human knowledge (e.g. Google) to learn what a bootstrap value is. In your own words (less than 100 words), explain what a bootstrap value is and why the information it provides is useful.arrow_forward
- A branching diagram or tree that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based upon the similarities and differences in their genetic characteristics. Phylogram Cladogram Dendrogram Phylogenetic networkarrow_forwardHelp me pleasearrow_forwardA branching diagram or tree that shows the relationships among various biological species based upon the similarities and differences in their morphological characteristics. Phylogram O Cladogram O Dendrogram OPhylogenetic networkarrow_forward
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