T/F Type I collagen fibers, that consist of collagen triple helices aligned side-by-side, are strengthened by covalent cross-links between amino acid side chains of different collagen triple helices. True False
Q: Which of the following families of actin-binding proteins promote actin filament polymerization?…
A: Actin filaments are made up of a long spiral chain of similar actin proteins. Actin filaments, like…
Q: Do you think the protein that binds to miltefosine would also bind to a triacylglycerol molecule?…
A: Protein binding enhances antimicrobial activity, eliminates drug delaying, and restricts tissue…
Q: Abnormally stretchy skin is a symptom associated with a genetic syndrome that can result from loss…
A: Answer. Procollagen is the precursor of collagen. Collagen is the major structural protein in the…
Q: Briefly describe the different steps of Hexose monophosphate shunt?
A: The Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt, also by different names such as HMP pathway, Phosphogluconate…
Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by extremely high levels of cholesterol in the blood,…
A: Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. It causes an increased amount of…
Q: Provide the primary, secondary, tertiary, and if possible quaternary structure of the proteins below…
A: The basic amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is known as its primary sequence. It is formed as a…
Q: select the correct sequential steps for restricting potency monopotent pluripotent totipotent
A: The ability of a cell to differentiate into various distinct types of cells having a particular set…
Q: Name conditions caused by abnormalities of vertical linkages and horizontal (lateral) linkages in…
A: Deformation of the membrane: During RBC deformation, specttrin dimer linkages that emerge along the…
Q: Analogs of hemidesmosomes are the focal contact sites, which are also sites where the cell attaches…
A: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin which is attached to the dermis by an extracellular…
Q: The concentration of actin in cells is 50–100 timesgreater than the critical concentration observed…
A: The protein actin forms filaments that provide cells with mechanical support and driving forces for…
Q: Regarding resorption, name the chemical responsible for breakdown of: 1. Hydroxyapatite: 2. Collagen…
A: Collagenase is the chemical responsible for the break down of collagen fibers.
Q: protein via transmembrane protein translocation:
A: Free ribosome : These ribosomes are located in the cytosol and are able to move throughout the cell…
Q: The structure of the heme prosthetic group is shown. This group is plugged into the protein moiety…
A: Prosthetic groups are non amino acid components that are covalently linked to the protein. Heme…
Q: List the steps of collagen assembly and include the location of each step
A: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. It has significant role in blood clotting,…
Q: Which of the following accurately represents how intermediate filaments differ from actin filaments…
A: Intermediate filaments have four classes- Type I and II: keratins Type III: desmin, Vimentin Type…
Q: Even though the actual concentration inside a cell is above critical concentration, 50% of action is…
A: Actin participates in many important cellular processes, like muscle contraction, cell motility,…
Q: Myostatin is termed a negative growth regulator. Explain themeaning of this term, and describe the…
A: myostatin is called a negative growth regulator because it is a protein that acts on the muscle and…
Q: Magnesium blocks voltage-gated calcium channels on the membrane of smooth muscle cells. How do…
A: Inorganic ions are also important players in regulating our metabolism and overall working may it be…
Q: what is the standard of FTIR in pectin?
A: Infrared spectroscopy analyses the samples by infrared spectrum. The infrared absorption of…
Q: How do ion channel proteins fold in the lipid bilayer membranes?
A: Ion channel proteins play pivotal role for electrical excitability of muscle cells, signalling of…
Q: 5. Which of the following choices is NOT correct? A. There are three types of cartilages B. Lipids…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we solve the first question for you. To get the remaining…
Q: Define actin cross-linking proteins.
A: Answer: Introduction: Crosslinking means a mechanism of chemically linking two or more molecules…
Q: In cells, actin filaments form bundles or networks. How do cells form such structures, and what…
A: The soft tissue-like structure found in the majority of the animals including human beings is known…
Q: there are some diseases due to defects in collagen synthesis such as Scurvy, Osteogenesis Imperfecta…
A: Scurvy is a vitamin c deficiency disease. It is a severe vitamin c disease caused by ascorbic…
Q: Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used for muscle contraction?
A: Muscle contraction is a process in which muscle shortening occurs due to the movement of the actin…
Q: What ion is necessary for movement of the troponintropomyosin complex? What is the role of…
A: Each muscle fiber is made up of functional units known as sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are made up of the…
Q: Focal adhesion complex attachment to extracellular matrix molecules is mediated by: heterodimers…
A: Focal adhesions are complex plasma membrane-associated macromolecular assemblies that engage with…
Q: Neurofilament proteins assemble into long, intermediate filaments , found in abundance running along…
A: Neurofilaments (NFs) are heteropolymers made up of four subunits (NF-L [neurofilament light], NF-M…
Q: This is expressed as the phospholipid flips out during apoptosis phosphatidylserine…
A: Apoptosis is a type of planned cell death. Cell death and biochemical alterations are the results of…
Q: In trimetric G proteins the only function of the bamma y complex is to allow reactivating of the a…
A: G proteins are called the guanine nucleotide proteins that are responsible for switching on and off…
Q: Many connective tissues like cartilage, ligaments, tendons skin dermal layers secrete an extra…
A: Connective tissue is tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs…
Q: TRUE OR FALSE 1. Synthesis of the collagen primes the formation of skeletal tissues?
A: This question is about collagen synthesis.
Q: BHK-21 are what type of cell? muscle fibroblast nerve epithelail
A: Cells are the basic unit of life. There is an uncountable number of cells that make a multicellular…
Q: Briefly describe the primary structure of collagen, a- keratin and B-keratin.
A: Proteins are biomolecules and macromolecules that are made up of one or more long chains of amino…
Q: It is not an easy matter to assign particular func-tions to specific components of the basal lamina,…
A: A gene is described as the basic physical as well as the functional unit of heredity. Genes have a…
Q: In large groups of muscles, such as the quadriceps, anatomical regions may be designated as surface…
A: There are seven types of muscle fibbers based on their twitching ability, and they are: I (Slow…
Q: Actin filaments have a defined polarity. What is filament polarity? How is it generated at the…
A: Introduction:- Actin filaments play a variety of roles in the cell. For one thing, they act as…
Q: What is inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?
A: The molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface for example arrival of…
Q: List three examples of steroid transport proteins.
A: Introduction: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble. Therefore they are bound to certain proteins for…
Q: (a) In general, which junctions are found in epithelial cells of the skin, where is their location…
A: According to the question, we have to mention in general the name of the junctions that are found in…
Q: Which of the following describes a mechanism by which microtubules are known to be stabilized?…
A: binding induces a closed-to-open and loop-to-helix conformational change of β M-loop, which may…
Q: Which of the following can be found attached to the mosaic cell membrane? I. GLUT1 II. cAMP…
A: The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane the cell membrane as tapestry of several types of…
Q: Is GAPDH only a glycolytic enzyme? What are the other physiological functions of GAPDH?
A: As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one needs to be answered, we are…
Q: Immune-mediated myositis (IMM) is a muscle wasting disease that occurs in quarter horses with an…
A: Given information IMM or immune-mediated myositis is a muscle-wasting disorder. The mutation is…
Q: Describe the function, structure, and shape of each protein. 1. Myoglobin 2. α-Keratin
A: Proteins are biomolecules that form the structural component of living organisms. They are made up…
Q: The cystic fibrosis gene encodes a chloride channel protein necessary for normal cellular functions.…
A: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that occurs due to inactivity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane…
Q: How do changes in molecular connections between the ECM and the cytoskeleton give rise to Duchenne…
A: Muscular dystrophy can be defined as a group of diseases that is responsible for the weakness and…
Q: Multi-adhesive matrix proteins form adhesive bridges between what type of components or structures?…
A: Answer : These protein bindind proteins are found in the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) network.…
Q: In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers…
A: In Sickle cell disease , one amino acid is changed due to point mutation. so that the structure of…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- It is not an easy matter to assign particular func-tions to specific components of the basal lamina, sincethe overall structure is a complicated composite materialwith both mechanical and signaling properties. Nidogen,for example, cross-links two central components of thebasal lamina by binding to the laminin γ-1 chain and totype IV collagen. Given such a key role, it was surprisingthat mice with a homozygous knockout of the gene fornidogen-1 were entirely healthy, with no abnormal phe-notype. Similarly, mice homozygous for a knockout of thegene for nidogen-2 also appeared completely normal. Bycontrast, mice that were homozygous for a defined muta-tion in the gene for laminin γ-1, which eliminated just thebinding site for nidogen, died at birth with severe defectsin lung and kidney formation. The mutant portion of thelaminin γ-1 chain is thought to have no other functionthan to bind nidogen, and does not affect laminin struc-ture or its ability to assemble into the basal lamina.…List the steps of collagen assembly and include the location of each stepUnder certain stable concentration conditions, actin monomers in their ATP form will polymerize to form filaments that disperse again into free actin monomers over time. Explain
- What is one feature of fibrillar collagen that contributes to its strength? They form crosslinks between glycine and alanine residues on adjacent collagens. They form crosslinks between lysine and hydroxylysine residues on one collagen molecule. They form crosslinks between glycine and alanine residues on one collagen molecule. They form crosslinks between lysine and hydroxylysine residues on adjacent collagen molecules.Neurofilament proteins assemble into long, intermediate filaments , found in abundance running along the length of nerve cell axons. The C-terminal region of these proteins is an unstructured polypeptide, hundreds of amino acids long and heavily modified by the addition of phosphate groups. The term “polymer brush” has been applied to this part of the neurofilament. can you suggest why?Which of the following best describes collagen? Select the correct responses): It is a sinistral super helix that is formed from three sinistral helices. It is a sinistral super helix that is formed from three dextral helices. • It is primarily made up of chiral and cyclic amino acids. It is primarily made up of chiral and acyclic amino acids. It is a dextral super helix that is formed from three sinistral helices. • It is primarily made up of achiral and cyclic amino acids. ]It is primarily made up of achiral and acyclic amino acids. • It is a dextral super helix that is formed from three dextral helices.
- Microfilaments are long filamentous proteins made up of many globular proteins. What main protein are microfilaments composed of?What could be the reason why hydroxylation of proline residues is critical to the structural integrity of collagen? Select the correct response The hydroxyl moities in Pro form disulfide bonds which stabilize collagen structure. The hydroxyl moities in Pro form ionic bonds (salt bridges) which stabilize collagen structure. The hydroxyl moities in Pro form hydrophobic interactions which stabilize collagen structure. The hydroxyl moities in Pro form peptide bonds which stabilize collagen structure. The hydroxyl moities in Pro form H-bonds which stabilize collagen structure.What is the repeating sequence of collagen and how is it essential to the structure of the triple coils of collagen fibers?
- Contraction in both skeletal and smooth muscles requires theinflux of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm. Compare and contrast thelocations and functions of the molecules to which Ca2+ binds inskeletal and smooth muscles, and explain the steps that lead tocross-bridge cycling in each type of muscle.Analogs of hemidesmosomes are the focal contact sites, which are also sites where the cell attaches to the extracellular matrix. These junctions are prevalent in fibroblasts but largely absent in epithelial cells. on the other hand, hemidesmosomes are prevalent in epithelial cells but absent in fibroblasts. In focal contact sites, intracellular connections are made to actin filaments, whereas in hemidesmosomes connections are made to intermediate filaments. Why do you suppose these two different cell types attach differently to the extracellular matrix?All of the following are filamentous proteins EXCEPT
