Replication of a circular DNA molecule can occur by either theta () replication or by rolling circle replication. Describe or explain three differences between these two modes of DNA replication (you must accurately describe differences between the two approaches to replication - an accurate statement about one form of replication that does not clearly indicate how the other form differs is not a correct)

Replication of a circular DNA molecule can occur by either theta () replication or by rolling circle replication. Describe or explain three differences between these two modes of DNA replication (you must accurately describe differences between the two approaches to replication - an accurate statement about one form of replication that does not clearly indicate how the other form differs is not a correct)

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the...

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Replication of a circular DNA molecule can occur by either theta replication or by rolling circle replication. Describe or explain three differences between these two modes of DNA replication. Be VERY specific and accurately describe the differences between the two.
Single-stranded regions of DNA are attacked by nucleasesin the cell, yet portions of DNA are in a single-stranded form during the replication process. Explain.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) has one replication origin that contains specific genomic sequences scattering over a 245 base pair region. List the mechanistic steps that can unwind a segment of DNA at the origin of replication site to initiate the DNA replication.
In DNA replication, the fundamental reason that Okasaki fragments are produced is that Group of answer choices DNA replication can proceed only in the 5’ to 3’ direction replication on the leading strand is slower than replication on the lagging strand DNA polymerase tends to slip while replicating the lagging strand DNA polymerase has to alternate between the leading and lagging strands during replication none of these are true.
Indicate the proteins involved in the following steps of DNA replication in E. coli a. ___________ initiator of replication by binding to the origin of replication of the prokaryote ___________ a dimer that unzips the DNA helix ___________ an enzyme responsible for relieving positive supercoils ahead of replication fork ___________ maintains DNA in single-stranded state ___________ primary replicating enzyme ___________ synthesizes RNA primers The resulting gap by removal of RNA primer is filled in by ___________. h. the resulting nick is sealed by _____________.
Briefly discuss the pros and cons of having a nucleoid (as bacteria do) versus a double nuclear membrane surrounding the DNA (as in eukaryotes). List and explain three reasons why DNA replication is very accurate.
Single-stranded regions of DNA are attacked by nucleases in the cell, yet portions of DNA are in a singlestranded form during the replication process. Explain.
Below is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. From specific points, arrows are provided that lead to numbers. Answer the questions below relating to the locations specified by the numbers. (02) What end (5’ or 3’) of the molecule is here? (State which) What enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? What enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA? What nucleic acid is probably depicted here? What are these short DNA fragments usually called? What enzyme probably functions here to couple these two newly synthesized fragments of DNA? Is this strand the leading or lagging strand? What end (5’ or 3’) of the molecule is here? (State which)
In eukaryotes, the Replication factor C (RFC) is a clamp loader. In the absence of RFC, what would be the consequences to the outcome of DNA replication? Explain.
DNA Replication occurs on both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although they have a similar genetic flow, there are small differences in between. What are the differences of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? What is/are the major difference/s?
Spontaneous deamination of cytosine bases in DNA takes place at low but measurable frequency. Cytosine is converted into uracil by loss of its amino group. After this conversion, which base pair occupies this position in each of the daughter strands resulting from one round of replication? Two rounds of replication? (a) How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there? (Hint: There are 16 possible dinucleotides and 64 possible trinucleotides.) We can quantify the information- carrying capacity of nucleic acids in the following way. Each position can be one of four bases, corresponding to two bits of information (2² = 4). Thus, a chain of 5100 nucleotides corresponds to 2 × 5100 = 10,200 bits, or 1275 bytes (1 byte =8 bits). (b) How many bits of information are stored in an 8-mer DNA sequence? In the E. coli genome? In the human genome? (c) Compare each of these values with the amount of information that can be stored on a computer compact disc, or CD (about 700 megabytes).
Below is a diagram of DNA replication as currently believed to occur in E. coli. Arrows start from numbers and end at specific points. Answer the questions relating to the locations specified by the numbers (1) Which end (5' or 3') of the molecule is here? (2) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to deal with supercoils in the DNA? (3) Which enzyme is probably functioning here to unwind the DNA?