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- Consider the U.S. during the Great Depression and WWII –fertility rates were low (between 1929 and 1945 total fertility rate (TFR) was about 2.5 per woman aged 15-44). a.What does a fertility rate of 2.5 per woman mean? Through the 1960s, the U.S. saw a baby boom (TFR of 3.4 between 1946 and 1964). However, since 1980 the TFR has fallen below 2.1. b.What may explain the fall in fertility after the 1980s? c.Even though the fertility rate fell to replacement rate in 1980, population was still growing in the U.S. during the 1980s. Explain d. Describe what happened to the proportion of old-age population: i.during the baby boom ii.after 1980B. Evaluate figure 23.2 below. What does this graph tell us about the relationship between income and fertility? Give four probable reasons for this trend.Describe Malthus’ pessimistic model of population. What empirical factsabout population in the world led to the break-down of the model? What are the three stages of the demographic transition? For each stagedescribe:a. Is population size increasing or decreasing?b. Is the population growth rate increasing or decreasing?
- How does the demographic transition developQuestion 1—Investment in Human Capital(6,000 character limit on all answers combined)Assume that there are two types of individuals in the population: Type A and Type B withthe corresponding fractions f1 and f2. The levels of ability for the two types are: αA andαB, with αA > αB. Suppose also that Type A lives for TA years, while Type B lives for TByears.Briefly answer/evaluate FOUR out of the following six statements:A. If the financial resources available for a Type B individual are greater than those available for a Type A individual, it is possible that the former will invest more in his/herhuman capital.B. Suppose that human capital is not productive, which of the two types will get moreinvestment in schooling?C. Suppose that the government provides all wages and sets all wages to be the same.How would that affect the incentives of the two groups to invest in human capital?1D. If TB > TA then Type B will get more education, otherwise Type A will definitely getmore…What accounts for the rapid growth in the number ofolder Americans?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of Stationary Population? Discuss it from the economic and cultural aspects of demographic transition.1) Given the two human population age structures shown on the right, which population is most likely at or near equilibrium? population A b. a. population B both populations cannot determine C. d.Explain the following terms: i. Fertility ii. Dependency ratio iii. The demographic Transition 4. i. Describe & explain the Malthusian Population Trap ii. What is the main criticism of this population theory?
- Why Malthus Vision of population theory is consider as wrong among the economist?Is the demographic transition a universal process?If these population changes were only due to human migration, what conclusions could be made, based on the map? a) The majority of states are experiencing immigrationtherefore, the overall country has an increase in population size b) The majority of states are experiencing emigration therefore, the overall country has an increase in population size. c) The majority of states are experiencing immigration; therefore, the overall country has a decrease in population size d) The majority of states are experiencing emigration; therefore, the overall country has a decrease in population size