hat is TRUE about the gene drive system? The gene drive system sterilizes both sexes. The gene drive system uses Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) to repair DNA. The gene drive system ensures (close to) 100% inheritance. O The gene drive system only works if both chromosomes have a gene drive cassette.
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- A mutation that increases the reach of Aurora B where Ndc80 can be modified under tension would lead to: Select one: O a. chromosomes strongly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when not yet bivalently attached O b. chromosomes strongly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when bivalently attached O c. chromosomes weakly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when not yet bivalently attached O d. chromosomes weakly bound to kinetochore microtubules, even when bivalently attachedIf you expose a culture of human cells (for example,HeLa cells) to 3H-thymidine during S phase, howwould the radioactivity be distributed over a pair ofhomologous chromosomes at metaphase? Would theradioactivity be in (a) one chromatid of one homolog,(b) both chromatids of one homolog, (c) one chromatid each of both homologs, (d) both chromatids ofboth homologs, or (e) some other pattern? Choose thecorrect answer and explain your reasoning.Oncogenes sometimes result from genetic rearrangements(e.g., translocations) that produce gene fusions. An exampleoccurs with the Philadelphia chromosome, in which a reciprocaltranslocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 leads to fusion of thefirst part of the bcr gene with the abl gene. Suggest two differentreasons why a gene fusion can create an oncogene.
- why The chromatids formed byrecombination within the inversion loop of a pericentric inversionheterozygote are genetically unbalanced?The plant Haplopappus gracilis has a 2n of 4. A diploid cellculture was established and, at premitotic S phase, aradioactive nucleotide was added and was incorporatedinto newly synthesized DNA. The cells were then removed from the radioactivity, washed, and allowed to proceed through mitosis. Radioactive chromosomes or chromatids can be detected by placing photographic emulsionon the cells; radioactive chromosomes or chromatids appeared covered with spots of silver from the emulsion.(The chromosomes “take their own photograph.”) Drawthe chromosomes at prophase and telophase of the firstand second mitotic divisions after the radioactive treatment. If they are radioactive, show it in your diagram. Ifthere are several possibilities, show them, too.Single base pair mutations at which of the following sites would severely disrupt the segregation of sister chromatids at mitosis? CDE-III O CDE-II O MAR O CDE-I
- Your friend sends you two cancerous cell lines to examine and determine possible mutations. The results are shown below: Cell Line Mutation WT none (wild type DNA) 1 a deletion at the same region on both copies of chromosome 4 a point mutation in a gene on only one copy of chromosome 7 Based on this data, what type of geńe is mutated in each of the cell lines? Select all that apply O Cell line 2 has a mutation in an oncogene Cell line 1 has a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene Cell line 1 has a mutation in an proto-oncogene Cell line 2 has a mutation in a tumor suppressor geneThe somatic cells of a particular plant each contain a total of 40 chromosomes. How do the chromosomes of this plant differ from the chromosomes of humans, who also have a total of 40? O This plant is more like animals than like another plant that has 10 total chromosomes. The genes on this plant's largest chromosome are significantly different than those on the largest human chromosome. This plant's sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. O This plant's sex cells would have 80 chromosomes when entering meiosis.The molecular mechanism of SCE is similar to homologousrecombination between homologs except that the two segmentsof DNA are sister chromatids instead of homologous chromatids.If branch migration occurs during SCE, will a heteroduplex beformed? Explain why or why not. Can gene conversion occurduring sister chromatid exchange?
- In the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X ChromosomeInactivation in Transgenic Mice, suppose the investigators had looked at the expression of green and red fluorescent protein in early mouse embryos, when theembryos have fewer than 500 cells. What patterns wouldthey likely have observed? (Assume that the transgenesmake gene product this early in development.)Small chromosomal duplications provide raw material for the addition of genes into a species' genome. These duplications create two or more copies of the same gene, where one or both of the genes can subsequently mutate. These genes are referred to as O homologous genes. O transposable elements. O sister chromatids.On rare occasions, a chromosome can suffer a small deletionthat removes the centromere. When this occurs, the chromosome usually is not found within subsequent daughter cells.Explain why a chromosome without a centromere is not transmitted very efficiently from mother to daughter cells. (Note: Ifa chromosome is located outside the nucleus after telophase, itis degraded.)
