Consider the Calmfors and Driffill (1988) model of centralization of wage bargaining and unemployment. They argue that unions operating at the individual firm level have limited market power while those at the sectoral level can exert some market power but ignore the macroeconomic implications of their actions. Use relevant illustrations to discuss why at the national level unions take into consideration the macroeconomic implications of their actions

Consider the Calmfors and Driffill (1988) model of centralization of wage bargaining and unemployment. They argue that unions operating at the individual firm level have limited market power while those at the sectoral level can exert some market power but ignore the macroeconomic implications of their actions. Use relevant illustrations to discuss why at the national level unions take into consideration the macroeconomic implications of their actions

Microeconomics: Principles & Policy

14th Edition

ISBN:9781337794992

Author:William J. Baumol, Alan S. Blinder, John L. Solow

Publisher:William J. Baumol, Alan S. Blinder, John L. Solow

Chapter19: Labor And Entrepreneurship: The Human Inputs

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7DQ

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Given the decline in union membership over the past 50 years, what does the theory of bilateral monopoly suggest will have happened to the equilibrium level of wages over time? Why?
The demand for unionized labor will generally be more elastic, and it will be more difficult for the union to achieve above-equilibrium wages, when: O there are few close substitutes for the unionized workers. O trade barriers limit the importation of the product produced by the unionized workers. O the cost of employing the unionized workers is a small part of the total cost of product that they produce. the demand for the product produced by the unionized workers is relatively price elastic. A strike, or the threat of one, is most likely to be effective when: O demand for the firm's product is weak. O foreign competition for the product is high. O the firm has a low product inventory. O demand for the product produced by the union workers is highly elastic.
How to calculate the percentage of decline in national income resulting from misallocation of labor in a model of monopoly unionism? And how to discuss the both unions and firms can be better off if they move off the demand curve? Give some example of derive the contract curve. What is the difference between efficient contracts and strongly efficient contracts ? Discuss the application of Hicks Paradox. What is the labor strike and how does it affect the business of the firm? Identify and explain the different catergoties of labor strike.
Suppose that there are two sectors in the economy : a unionized and a non - unionized one . The labor demand function in each sector is L = 500,000-25w . There are 500,000 people avail able to supply their labor and their decision doesn't depend on the wage . People in both sec tors are equally skilled and experienced for the job in either sector . Assume that the union sets a wage at the rate of $ 15,000 in the union sector . Hint : for these questions below , use posted textbook solutions file for the end - of - the chapter 10 exercises . 6a). Suppose that each sector decides to hire 50 % of the people available to work and supplying their labor . Calculate what the competitive market wage would be in this case . Show your calcu lations . Answer : 6b) . Calculate how many people will the unionized sector be able to employ at most . Show your calculations . Answer :
Describe how we calculate the percentage decline in national income resulting from the misallocation of labor in a model of monopoly unionism. What is the dollar value of this allocative inefficiency if unions and firms reach efficient contracts and the contract curve is vertical?
4. If a monopsonist employer can perfectly wage-discriminate in hiring its workforce there is no dead- weight loss associated with the monopsony. (a) Explain the above statement. (b) Why is wage discrimination generally illegal even though it improves our usual measure of wel- fare W (the sum of worker surplus and buyer or employer surplus) in the factor market? (c) If all employers in an economy were effectively monopsonists who could engage in perfect wage discrimination, what would the resulting allocation of society's output look like intuitively?
10 What wage would the union choose if it behaved as a `monopoly union"? What amount of employment would the firm choose in response? Is this outcome on the contract curve? 8 7 Answer: 6 По 5 4 TT Submit Answer 3 2 TT2 1 MRPL 1 3 6 7 8 9. 10 Name an outcome which is a Pareto improvement over the monopoly union outcome. Name an outcome which is Pareto efficient. Answer: If the alternative wage is $3, is this union maximizing the wage bill or economic rent? Answer: Submit Answer Submit Answer Suppose the alternative wage is $7 and the firm and union bargain within a right-to-manage framework. Is the union's preferred outcome within the bargaining range? Answer: Submit Answer
Use a graph to demonstrate the likely bargaining outcomes of three industries, all with identical union resistance curves.a. Firm A has been losing money recently as wages and fringe benefits have risen from 63 to 89 percent of all costs in just the last three years.b. Most of firm B’s revenues come from supplying a product to three customers who use the product in their manufacturing of computers using a just-in-time inventory system.c. Firm C is a local government that finds itself negotiating with its unionized employees. Government officials are pleased with the employees’ productivity, but they also face local pressure to keep taxes low.
Use 2-diagrams, one for unionized and the other for non-unionized sector where both markets are initially in equilibrium. Assume that despite an increase in wages in unionized sector, the employment level is fixed in the unionized sector at the initial competitive equilibrium level. What would be the impact of an increase in wages on both sectors in this case? Explain
Table 14.13 shows information from the supply curve for labor for a monopsonist, that is, the wage rate required at each level of employment. What is the monopsonists marginal cost of labor at each level of employment? If each unit of labors marginal revenue product is 13, what is the firms profit maximizing level of employment and wage?
Part I: Suppose the firm's labor demand curve is given by: w = 60 – 0.03E where w is the hourly wage andE is the level of employment. Suppose also that the union's utility function is given by: U = w x E The marginal utility of the wage for the union is E and the marginal utility of employment is w. (a) How many workers will be employed under a monopoly union contract? (b) What wage would a monopoly union demand?
A monopsonist's demand curve for labor is given by w= 15 – 2L, where w is the hourly wage rate and L is the number of person-hours hired. a. If the monopsonist's supply (AFC) curve is given by w= 1L, which gives rise to a marginal factor cost curve of MFC = 2L, how many units of labor will he employ and what wage will he pay? Instructions: Round your answer for labor to 1 decimal place. Round your answer for wage to the nearest penny (2 decimal places). Labor: Wage: $ b. How would your answers to part (a) be different if the monopsonist were confronted with a minimum wage bill requiring him to pay at least $7/hr? Instructions: Round your answer for labor to 1 decimal place. Round your answer for wage to the nearest whole number. Labor: Wage: $