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1) A beaker containing calcium chloride (CaCl2) is divided by a membrane. Initially, the concentrations in the right and left sides are 1 and 2 millimolars (mM), respectively. a) Use Ohm's law, Fick's law, and the Einstein's relationship to write an expression for the net flow of calcium through the membrane. i) ii) If the membrane is permeable to calcium but not to chloride, what will the equilibrium voltage across the membrane be? How much will the concentrations change by the time equilibrium is reached? b) State the conditions for space-charge neutrality. What does this tell us about the relationship between the current densities, Jca and Jcı? c) If the membrane is permeable to both ions, how large will the voltage be at equilibrium? d) Assuming that the membrane is permeable to both ions, find the relationship between the voltage across the membrane and the concentrations of CaCl2 before equilibrium is reached.

1) A beaker containing calcium chloride (CaCl2) is divided by a membrane. Initially, the concentrations in the right and left sides are 1 and 2 millimolars (mM), respectively. a) Use Ohm's law, Fick's law, and the Einstein's relationship to write an expression for the net flow of calcium through the membrane. i) ii) If the membrane is permeable to calcium but not to chloride, what will the equilibrium voltage across the membrane be? How much will the concentrations change by the time equilibrium is reached? b) State the conditions for space-charge neutrality. What does this tell us about the relationship between the current densities, Jca and Jcı? c) If the membrane is permeable to both ions, how large will the voltage be at equilibrium? d) Assuming that the membrane is permeable to both ions, find the relationship between the voltage across the membrane and the concentrations of CaCl2 before equilibrium is reached.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1) A beaker containing calcium chloride (CaCl2) is divided by a membrane. Initially, the concentrations in the right and left sides are 1 and 2 millimolars (mM), respectively. a) Use Ohm's law, Fick's law, and the Einstein's relationship to write an expression for the net flow of calcium through the membrane. i) ii) If the membrane is permeable to calcium but not to chloride, what will the equilibrium voltage across the membrane be? How much will the concentrations change by the time equilibrium is reached? b) State the conditions for space-charge neutrality. What does this tell us about the relationship between the current densities, Jca and Jcı? c) If the membrane is permeable to both ions, how large will the voltage be at equilibrium? d) Assuming that the membrane is permeable to both ions, find the relationship between the voltage across the membrane and the concentrations of CaCl2 before equilibrium is reached.
Transcribed Image Text:1) A beaker containing calcium chloride (CaCl2) is divided by a membrane. Initially, the concentrations in the right and left sides are 1 and 2 millimolars (mM), respectively. a) Use Ohm's law, Fick's law, and the Einstein's relationship to write an expression for the net flow of calcium through the membrane. i) ii) If the membrane is permeable to calcium but not to chloride, what will the equilibrium voltage across the membrane be? How much will the concentrations change by the time equilibrium is reached? b) State the conditions for space-charge neutrality. What does this tell us about the relationship between the current densities, Jca and Jcı? c) If the membrane is permeable to both ions, how large will the voltage be at equilibrium? d) Assuming that the membrane is permeable to both ions, find the relationship between the voltage across the membrane and the concentrations of CaCl2 before equilibrium is reached.
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