Ryan GrunerMod5-2
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Gruner 1
Ryan Gruner
Professor Smith
CJ 120
26 November 2023
Module 5: Assignment 2
Culture/Subculture: African American
Members of the African-American community in the United States may hold complex
and varying viewpoints about criminal justice professionals, particularly law enforcement. These
views may be distrust, fear of racial profiling, fear of being victim to excessive force, inadequate
representations, etc.
High-profile cases involving the use of excessive force against Black individuals, often
leading to tragic outcomes, contribute to a sense of distrust. For example, the death of George
Floyd in 2020, who was killed when a Minneapolis police officer knelt on his neck for over nine
minutes while already handcuffed and in police custody (Hill, 2020). This sparked uproar across
the United States, particularly in black communities and reaffirmed these negative viewpoints
towards law enforcement among African Americans. The over-policing of Black neighborhoods
and racial profiling deepen these views. The historical context of slavery, segregation, and
ongoing racial disparities in the criminal justice system also influences how the African-
American community perceives the role of law enforcement. A lack of transparency at all levels
of the criminal justice system can and does contribute to these viewpoints of criminal justice
professionals.
Gruner 2
Misunderstanding between African Americans and criminal justice professionals can also fuel
these negative viewpoints of the criminal justice system and those who work within it.
Another high-profile case is the arrest of Henry Louis Gates Jr. in 2009. This
misunderstanding occurred when Gates returned home from a trip. Gates had difficulty opening
his front door, and a neighbor had called the police, suspecting this to be a break-in. Police
arrived when Gates was already inside his home, and an exchange between Gates and an officer
escalated, ending in Gates being arrested for disorderly conduct. (Guskin 2010) The
misunderstanding, in this case, was rooted in the assumptions and biases that the responding
officer had about Gates' presence in the upscale neighborhood. It also highlights the
misunderstandings of Gate's behavior from his neighbor’s perspectives and the misunderstanding
of Gate's verbal and nonverbal cues by the officer who arrested him for disorderly conduct.
Professional Practices
1.
Understanding the public
Description: Understanding the public involves law enforcement actively engaging with the
community to build relationships, address concerns, and collaboratively find solutions. This
practice emphasizes open communication channels, a proactive approach to community policing,
and the cultivation of a deep understanding of the unique challenges and needs within specific
communities.
Possible Outcomes:
Enhanced community trust and cooperation.
Gruner 3
Improved public relations.
Increased effectiveness in addressing community-specific issues.
Timely response to emerging concerns.
2.
Diversity training
Description: Diversity training is a systematic and intentional effort to educate law enforcement
professionals on cultural awareness, sensitivity, and the diverse perspectives within the
community. This training aims to reduce biases and stereotypes, create a more inclusive and
understanding police force, and equip officers with the skills to navigate cultural differences in
their interactions.
Possible Outcomes:
Reduced stereotyping and bias.
Improved communication with diverse communities.
Enhanced trust among minority populations.
Improved decision-making in culturally sensitive situations.
3.
Procedural justice
Description: Procedural justice emphasizes the importance of fair, transparent, and respectful
treatment during law enforcement interactions. This practice focuses on ensuring that individuals
perceive the process as just, regardless of the outcome, and underscores the significance of
fairness in upholding the principles of justice.
Possible Outcomes:
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