lab-manual-muscular-shoulder-arm-atlas
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School
Antelope Valley College *
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Course
201
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
48
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PRE
LAB EXERCISES
Before coming to lab, get familiar with a few muscle groups we’ll be exploring during lab. Using Visible Body’s
Human Anatomy Atlas, go to the Views section. Under Systems, scroll down to the Muscular System views.
Select View 11. Shoulder, and find the following muscles. When you select a muscle, note the book icon in the
content box. Selecting this icon allows you to read the muscle’s definition.
1. Pectoralis major
2. Latissimus dorsi
Define the following terms:
1. Extension
2. Flexion
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Rotation
Straightening a part to where the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart
Bending parts so the angle becomes decresed and the parts become closer
moving a part away from the midline
moving a part toward the midline
Moving a part around in an axis
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IN
LAB EXERCISES
Use the following modules to guide your exploration of the shoulder and arm regions of the muscular system.
As you explore the modules, locate the muscles on any charts, models, or specimen available. These muscles
are located in and act on the shoulder and arm regions. Because the glenoid cavity of the scapula is shallow
and does not snugly fit the head of the humerus, the tendons of multiple muscles are involved in securing
and stabilizing the humerus at the shoulder to prevent dislocation. Other muscles will cross the shoulder
(glenohumeral) joint and insert on the arm, causing the arm to move when they contract.
Movement of the brachium, or upper arm, depends on the fixators of the shoulder to keep the scapula
in place so the arm can move freely. Once we move down into the antebrachium (forearm) and hand, the
muscles begin to get smaller and more numerous, which grants us our fine motor skills when we write or play
the piano. Pay attention to whether the muscle is on the anterior or posterior side of the arm – muscles on
the anterior side will flex, while muscles on the posterior side will extend. The long names of some of these
muscles can be daunting, but they are often very descriptive. You can find origins, insertions, actions, and/or
locations of these muscles simply in the names.
When reviewing the action of a muscle, it will be helpful to think about where the muscle is located and where
the insertion is. Muscle physiology requires that a muscle will “pull” instead of “push” during contraction,
and the insertion is the part that will move. Imagine that the muscle is “pulling” on the bone or tissue it is
attached to at the insertion.
Access 3D views and animated muscle actions in Visible Body’s Human Anatomy Atlas, which will be
especially helpful to visualize muscle actions. When you select a structure in the Atlas app, you’ll see options
to read the definition and hear the pronunciation in the content box. When you select a muscle, be sure to
select the blue pin icon in the content box. This will give you the option to view origins and insertions as
visible pins on the muscle (select Attachments), view the blood supply, and/or the nerve supply.
In each module below, identify the following:
• Muscle location
• Origin(s) and insertion(s)
• Muscle action
• Nerve supply
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A. Muscles of the Shoulder
Muscles of the Shoulder
View the following Muscle Actions:
Shoulder flexion
Shoulder extension
Shoulder horizontal abduction
Shoulder horizontal adduction
Shoulder abduction
Shoulder adduction
Shoulder medial rotation
Try performing these actions yourself and feel which muscles contract.
These muscles primarily act to stabilize the scapula and move the arm. Since the scapula is a moveable bone,
it must be stabilized in order for the arm to be able to move.
Some of these muscles are prime movers of the arm. They all cross the shoulder joint to insert on the
humerus. Remember that muscles pull, and imagine how the muscle will pull on the humerus as it contracts.
Shoulder lateral rotation
Scapula elevation
Scapula depression
Scapula abduction
Scapula adduction
Scapula upward rotation
Scapula downward rotation
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View 11. Shoulder
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
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